"The Italian term fascismo is derived from fascio meaning a bundle of rods, ultimately from the Latin word fasces.[14] This was the name given to political organizations in Italy known as fasci, groups similar to guilds or syndicates and at first applied mainly to organisations on the political Left. In 1919, Benito Mussolini founded the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento in Milan, which became the Partito Nazionale Fascista (National Fascist Party) two years later."

"In 1929, the Fascist regime gained the political support and blessing of the Roman Catholic Church after the regime signed a concordat with the Church, known as the Lateran Treaty, which gave the papacy state sovereignty and financial compensation for the seizure of Church lands by the liberal state in the nineteenth century" {Wiki}

Just as Patrick's bio sources
Islam — like Judaism and Christianity –deserves to be scrutinized and appropriately examined. Spencer maintains that Islam, unlike the other massive faith systems, has never truly been given the academic attention and examination it deserves. Like Christianity, he maintains that the faith is one that “deserve[s] historical scrutiny.”

“This [newest book is] something that I started to think about when I wrote the biography of Muhammad in 2006,” Spencer told The Blaze.

Naturally, considering the book’s title, I asked him to divulge — Did Muhammad exist? His response was quick, condensed and to the point.

Did Muhammad Exist? This Is Robert Spencers Shocking Answer

John UK wrote:
Another nonconformist? How delightful.
Any others out there?

John UK wrote:
Leave Iraq alone to sort out their own mess!

"Arabs have been the majority of the population in Iraq since the Sassanid Empire,[6] which pre-dates the Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia. Iraq was successfully ruled by the Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, Median, Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian and Sassanian empires during the Iron Age and Classical Antiquity, before Iraq was conquered by the Muslim Rashidun Caliphate in the 7th century, and became a center of the Islamic Golden Age during the medieval Abbasid Caliphate. After a series of invasions and conquest by the Mongols and Turks, Iraq fell under Ottoman rule in the 16th century, intermittently falling under Iranian Safavid and Mamluk control.

Rufus wrote:
Homeschooling in Germany was banned in 1938 by a regime that is commonly considered to be the worst ever in existence. Likewise, it is commonly believed, that group no longer exists and yet the policies (not just this one) of that group live on today. Rather than disappearing into the annals of history, their philosophies and the power of the people holding to these philosophies has increased. All that faded is what they call themselves.

John UK wrote:
how these psalms were to be sung? By a monotone chanting like the monastics or by use of a musical tune?
If 2. how were these tunes composed?

The Roman church introduced music into the praise system first as chant then as primitive instruments came on scene used eg harp, lyre and lute. The variations of wind instruments were at a very early development stage and not exactly melodious.

The ULTIMATE ReallyTruestSword wrote:
The "Geneva-Bible"

Geneva Bible.
Historic Facts.
"most scholars agree that William Whittingham was primarily responsible for the New Testament. Whittingham was skilled in Hebrew and Greek as well as other languages and a leader in the English church at Geneva. Whittingham was related to John Calvin by marriage.

Whittingham used the Tyndale New Testament as his basic English text, most likely Jugge’s 1552 edition. The Greek texts were probably Estienne’s Greek New Testament of 1551 and Beza’s Greek New Testament of 1556. Hence, what is now called the Textus Receptus was the Greek New Testament used for the Geneva Bible."

"Although no reputable Church historians have ever affirmed the belief that Baptists can trace their lineage through medieval and ancient sects ultimately to the New Testament, that point of view enjoys a large following nevertheless. It appears that scholars aware of this claim have deemed it unworthy of their attention, which may account for the persistence and popularity of Baptist successionism as a doctrine as well as an interpretation of church history. Aside from occasional articles and booklets that reject this teaching, no one has published a refutation in a systematic, documented format. The present work is an effort to supply this need so that Baptists may have a thorough analysis of successionism, together with a reliable account of their origins as a Protestant religious body." (McGoldrick, preface page iv)