ATHENS, Greece - In 1905 France passed a landmark law declaring a clean break between church and state. Riots erupted and a papal encyclical denounced the act as a "most pernicious error."
Such extreme passions cooled long ago, but the core questions remain as strong as ever.
Debates over religion, politics and civic life - and how much they should overlap and interact - are demanding more attention across Europe than at any time in recent decades.