Alright, so we are continuing looking at Psalm 110. So the last study we reviewed the text of Psalm 110 and we're sort of focusing on Psalm 110 as supplement to our study in Hebrews because the writer of Hebrews uses that Psalm more than any other New Testament writer uses it quite a bit. So we're just taking some time to look at Psalm 110, to look at some of these connections and various things with Psalm 110. Hebrews refers actually to several different psalms, obviously, but the writer uses three particular messianic psalms, Psalm 2, Psalm 45, and Psalm 110. Let's just see a little breakdown of that. You can see these references, and particularly here. And you'll notice that there's from Psalm 2, from Psalm 45, and from Psalm 110, all in these first five chapters. But even more specifically, if you look at just chapter one, You've actually got all of those references in Hebrews. Now what is interesting about the way the psalmist uses these is that he uses them to show the exaltation of Jesus to the right hand of God to show him as a king and also as a priest and there's actually a linkage right here. in Psalm verses 5 and 6 where it refers to Psalm 2 in verse 5 and Psalm 110 in verse 6, the very next verse. He's joining the king and the priest, which is what I labeled over here. So you can see the references there and so we're taking time to look at these Psalms and how they connect together and how they work together. So the last time we looked at Psalm 110 specifically, and we're going to look at what I'm calling the royal connections. So this will be Psalm 2 and Psalm 45, particularly as they connect with Psalm 110. So after the revelation of the Davidic covenant, all messianic hope and expectation was viewed through it. You can go back to Genesis 3.15 and there's a seed of the woman and there's a seed promised to Abraham through which he's going to be blessing all the nations of the earth. And as you keep coming forward you have Jacob and then Judah and the king that is promised to Judah and then you keep going forward to David and by the time you get to David and the Davidic covenant then forevermore essentially the Messiah is David's son and that is how he's referred to. a lot in the New Testament and even later in the Old Testament. So I just want to look at this real briefly here, 1 Chronicles chapter 17 verses 7 to 15, the Davidic covenant and so that we just can have this sort of in mind as it shapes the expectation of the Messiah. So, now therefore thus shalt thou say unto my servant David thus saith the Lord of hosts I took thee from the sheep coat even from following the sheep that thou shouldest to be ruler over my people Israel. I'm not trying to make a thing out of this exactly right now but there again that possesseth with all my people, my nation Israel. And I have been with thee with us ever thou hast walked and have cut off all thine enemies from before thee and have made thee a name like the name of the great men that are in the earth. Now as we studied the covenants we talked about some of these so remember that within these covenants oftentimes there are promises that apply like with Abraham things that applied in his life. So Isaac was actually born to him and Sarah and that was one of the promises of the Abrahamic covenant. There are a lot of promises in the Abrahamic covenant that Abraham never saw fulfilled in his lifetime. And it's the same way with David. There are things that were fulfilled in David's lifetime and things that pertain particularly to that, but then things that are beyond. So what we're reading up here in the beginning is more speaking directly to David. But notice that beginning here in verse nine, I will, ordain a place for my people Israel and will plant them and they shall dwell in their place shall be moved no more neither shall the children of wickedness waste them anymore as at the beginning. So this refers to exile, this place that's being referred to obviously that's the promised land. So as you're going through the Davidic covenant in association with this descendant of David that's going to be raised up, Israel is going to be gathered, will be planted in their land in peace and safety. They'll be moved no more and they will not be afflicted anymore by the enemy nations. And since the time that I commanded judges to be over my people Israel, moreover, I will subdue all thine enemies. Furthermore, I tell thee that the Lord will build thee an house. And so now we're getting a little more into the more future-oriented aspect of the covenant. Verse 11 says, And it shall come to pass, when thy days be expired, thou must go to be with thy fathers, that I will raise up thy seed after thee, which shall be of thy sons, and I will establish his kingdom. So after David's death, descendant of David will be raised up to his throne and to his kingdom. Verse 12, he shall build me in house and I will establish his throne forever. Once this descendant of David is raised up and is enthroned as king over the kingdom he will reign forever. There is no interruption in that. Verse 13, I will be his father and he shall be my son and I will not take my mercy away from him as I took it from him that was before thee. He will be a son to Yahweh. Verse 14, but I will settle him in mine house and in my kingdom forever and his throne shall be established forevermore. He will reign over the earth forever. Now, Remember Psalm 16 verses 10 to 11 and we just looked at Psalm 16, David prophesied as Peter put it and as Paul put it both in the New Testament and the book of Acts, David prophesied of the resurrection of Christ, of the Messiah. It means he understood that his descendant would die and be raised up to life and then at some point after that was going to be enthroned and be reigning king forever at that point. So that's just sort of the backdrop. of the promises pertaining to the Messiah. And so as we move into the Psalms, we know that that is in the background. So now let's look. We looked at Psalm 110, so we're gonna go fairly quickly through Psalm 2 and then Psalm 45. So Psalm 2, it is attributed to David. in Acts chapter four verses 24 to 26. There's no superscription that has survived. There's no occasion, anything like that, but it was attributed directly to David there in Acts chapter number four. So as you're looking at this psalm, as a psalm opens up here in verses 1 to 3, there is sort of a universal rebellion against God and against his anointed king. So the nations are raging, and this is the other word for nations, Imagine a vain thing, the kings of the earth set themselves, the rulers are taking counsel against the Lord and against his anointed. Now this is the word from which we get Messiah, the anointed one there. So it starts out considering a rebellion by enemies, there's enemy opposition. to God and to His anointed King. Verses 4-6 give God's response to this rebellion. He sits in the heavens. This is where Yahweh is enthroned in the heavens. He sits in the heavens and he laughs and he mocks them because their rebellion, though allowed to go on for a time, it will ultimately be crushed. His wrath and his displeasure will be visited upon them and his answer is given. that I have set, placed, appointed, installed my king upon my holy hill of Zion." Of course, reference to Jerusalem. So he will put his king on the throne in Jerusalem in response to the nations of the earth and the kings and the rulers that are opposing him. Verses seven to nine, give us the decree that the Lord has said, and this is quoted in Hebrews 1.5 as well as in 5.5. Thou art my son, this day have I begotten thee. That's the decree. Heathen is the word for nations. Ask of me, I shall give you the heathen for thine inheritance. and the outermost parts of the earth for thy possession. Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron. Thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel. This is a scepter here. We've seen reference either this or a word that's a synonym essentially being used in Psalm 110 as well. So this is his decree and verse nine in particular speaks of whoops, speaks of judgment that will be visited on the nations to the destruction of the rebellious. We get language like them being dashed in pieces and them being broken or smashed. Verses 10 to 12, then admonish the rulers of the nations of the earth to serve the Lord, kiss the Son, which essentially is an aspect of worship, of bowing to, submitting to the Son, lest they perish when His wrath is kindled. And then we have the blessing that ends, all they that put their trust in Him, blessed are they. All right, so that's just a quick walkthrough there on Psalm 2. Now, what I want to draw particular attention to is four particular categories pertaining to the Messiah. So I'm going to call this a summary of Psalm 2. So number one is going to be identity. Who is this figure, this central figure, identified as in this Psalm? Well he's identified as the anointed one and that's in verses 2 and in verse 6. He's identified as king in verse number 6. He's identified as son in verses 7 and 12. He's identified as a warrior in verse number 9 and he's also Well, he's worshipped, so I guess you could say that he is deified in verse number 12. So that's the identity of this figure in Psalm 2. We also get, secondly, We'll call it the place of his reign since he is a king and this is specifically spelled out here to be on Zion in verse number six which is Jerusalem. We also get the extent of his reign and that is the nations of the earth. And that is verses 8 to 12 in particular. And the fourth is coming in judgment. We get those references to the rod of iron and breaking into pieces and all that sort of thing. So this is the picture of the Messiah, those things pertaining to him. He is anointed by Yahweh. He is Yahweh's king. He is Yahweh's son. He is a warrior that's going to come forth to the earth to fight against the enemy nations. He is worshipped. He is God. He is divinity. The place of his reign is Zion, in other words, on the earth where the nations are raging and opposing him that's where his reign is going to be exercised and it's going to extend over all the earth inclusive of all the nations and his coming will be in judgment and in wrath. All right so let's go to Psalm 45. So Psalm 45 again quoted by the writer of Hebrews as we saw in that little breakdown earlier. This is a psalm that's for the sons of Korah. That's the superscription. There's no occasion or anything. Verse 1 essentially just forms sort of the opening of the psalm. We do see right away he makes clear that he's going to be speaking about the king. Now verses 2 to 9 really, which goes on down there. Verses 2 to 9 in many ways dwell on the glories of the king. I mean he's fairer than the children of men and this is sons of Adam. In some ways you could say he's the fairest son of Adam or the fairest Adam or the best Adam. In that way notice language like here in verse three, girding on his sword, being described as mighty, having glory and majesty and in majesty riding prosperously and His arrows are sharp in the heart of the king's enemies, whereby the people fall under thee, which is a reference to death, the slain. So all of these references then reference to his throne. and the scepter of his kingdom, that it's everlasting, it is right or just, it's appropriate. He is a judge that loves righteousness and hates wickedness. He has been anointed. He has been anointed with oil above. In other words, he is exalted above. Verse 9 speaks of king's daughters referring to those of the earth. We spent quite a bit of time when we were studying through Psalm 45 talking about this. reference to honorable women and the king's daughter and then you get some places like Ophir mentioned and you get Tyre mentioned, this princess essentially, the king's daughter from Tyre. We've talked about all that, I'm not going to delve into all that again here this evening. Now we're down to verses 10 to 16. So 10 to 16, speak of this daughter from Tyre and essentially it's the king receiving praise, essentially receiving worship. Let's see, the king is mentioned several times here. He is referred to as the Lord. He's the Adonai. And he's also referred to as his palace, a place that's being entered. Again, reference to all the earth. And then we have this closing in verse 17. So, I want to give a summary for Psalm 45. First of all would be the identity of this figure. He is a king, 1 verse 1, verse 5, verse 6, verse 11, verse 14, verse 15, so several times. He is also a warrior. He's mighty, he girds on his sword, verses 3 to 5. He is anointed, in verse 7. He is a judge. in verses 6 to 7, he is also Lord in verse 11, and he is worshipped in verses 11 and 17. So that's his identity in Psalm 45. Next would be the place of his reign. place of his reign. This is on earth and you have references to kings, nations, palaces, specific nations on earth. Next would be the extent of reign and that is again the nations on earth It's particularly seen in verses 9 to 16, that's a terrible age, verses 9 to 16 and then the last one would be his coming in judgment and we also get reference to death in his coming as he's piercing those kings and all of those things. So that's the summary of what we get from Psalm 2, you can see it is very, very similar. I mean, Psalm 45, very similar to what we get in Psalm 2. So what about Psalm 110? We looked at Psalm 110. What do we get in summary here? So first, again, identity. So this is David's lord in verse one, king in verse two, priest in verse four, judge in verse six, and warrior in verses five to seven. Next would be the place of the rain and that is Zion according to verse two and among nations on earth in verses two and six. Extent. of the rain is nations of the earth, verses 2 and 6, and then last of all, coming in judgment. And that would be, again, with reference to death and filling the nation with corpses and all of that. in verses five to seven. So when you take these three psalms together you see that there is a lot of commonality in these psalms and there's a number of words and terms that are used, concepts, images, references, and again significant overlap so that it would certainly show that this figure, this is reference to the same figure, these events that are talked about are the same events that are being talked about. And so when the writer of Hebrews uses these Psalms and actually in Hebrews connects these together, particularly with Psalm 110, that's so important in Hebrews because it's the Psalm that has the Messiah seated at God's right hand in the heavens and also God's decree that he's a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek. And so that would be two aspects that come out in Psalm 110. You don't necessarily see spelled out in Psalm 2 or in Psalm 45, but you have some other things in Psalm 45 and Psalm 2 that all sort of come together. So all of these then speak to those particular four categories concerning the Messiah. And again, each psalm has a little bit where it's different from the other psalms, but there is a lot of overlap as well. All right, so, We've looked at Psalm 110, we've looked at these connections just briefly and then we still want to look at the New Testament usage of Psalm 110 in particular so that's going to be not just confined to Hebrews but all the New Testament references to Psalm 110. And then after that, we are going to look at these particular events in Psalm 110 and try to put together the big picture of the future that this song speaks about.