The Good Shepherd

How are the culture, the context and the circumstance of Scripture vital to understanding? Why is Christ addressing the Pharisees in this parable? Why did it arouse their jealousy? How do we see physical healing and Spiritual healing in the same sinner? Is the sheepfold described here heaven as some teach? How is Christ going against the legalism and Judaism that pervaded at that time? Did Christ come to save sinners in an unlawful way? How is the law our school master until Christ?