I've been studying English etymology. The Bible says, "...study that shows thyself proved unto God a workman that need not be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth." And we preach in the English language, but English is only about 40% English. And we have to understand what the words mean. If you understand what the words mean, it means so much more when you preach the Bible. And I'm using several different textbooks here. One of them is Word Origins and the Romantic Stories. The other one's Hog on Ice, and both of these are written by someone in the Funk family. And they're pretty neat stories. And then, of course, my Latin grammar that I studied 50 years ago. And this basically is a grammar that they studied in high school, many years ago, in my mother's time, basically. When you went to high school, you had to take at least one year of Latin. Because you couldn't understand English unless you understood Latin, the language that English came from. 10,400 words plus came from Latin. 4,500 to 5,000 words came from Anglo-Saxon. 2,200 words from Greek and French and German, whatever. Even Persian, a lot of the words come from. Let me just, figures of speech or something. We talked about the figure of speech where Jesus said, you strain out the gnat, but swallow the camel. Different things in the Bible. Paul said, we live and move and have our being in God. He was quoting a pagan poet that was talking about Zeus. And he just applied that to God, because God is the one that we really move and live and have our existence in, not Zeus. We're going into the roots, but I want to go into a couple of things. This little book is called Hog on Ice. If you watch some of the old western movies, and even different movies of times of old, they use different figures of speech. And a lot of times you don't know what a figure of speech is. Okay, girls and boys out there all over the place, what does a hog on ice mean? What does a Hall-Gone Ice make? It can't be moved. What? It can't be moved. A Hall-Gone Ice is helpless. All it can do is lay there and scramble. It can't do anything. You have to go out there and slide it off the ice before it can move. So as stable as a Hall-Gone Ice is means what? Unstable. Completely unstable. There are some different ones that we look into. I'm trying to go through here and see something. And see what... Barking up the wrong tree. You remember that term? You ever hear people barking up the wrong tree? Where did that come from? Barking up the wrong tree. Well, coon dogs Lion dogs, they go and they tree a lion, a coon, a bear, whatever. And they bark up the tree that the bear is on. But if somebody is making a mistake, now a dog sometimes are lazy. Coon dogs, lion dogs, some of them are lazy and they'll tree a false tree because they don't want to run anymore. They just start barking up the tree. And they're lying to you. So if you're barking up the wrong tree, you're lying. You're leading people astray. Fly the coop. How about fly the coop? Fly the coop. Well, this is American slang. It comes from America, by the way. Apparently somewhere around the 20th century, And it is believed that a criminal can't originally, and date back to the 19th century, the coop is slang for prison or jail, to fly the coop. Now, chickens, you get a chicken out there and sometimes they fly the coop. You have to have a tall fence for the chickens to be in, to fly the coop. And before it became a term for outlaws, it was actually a term where you had to have a chicken pen tall enough, and remember when they Now a lot of you people don't know what I'm talking about. But a lot of times people would take and they would cut the feathers on one wing, they would trim them off on one wing so that if a bird tried to fly, a chicken if it fly in circles like that it couldn't get up over the fence. Did you ever do that Marilyn? Cut one wing on, cut the feathers on one wing. But to fly a cook, it means to leave the grounds without permission to escape. All right. Here is another term. It's not used a lot anymore. Attic salt. Attic salt. Attic means Athens, Greece. When you look at word origins and it says Attic, that means it's coming from Athens. This has nothing to do with what may be found in somebody's attic. but rather Athens, the Republic of Greece. The people of this country, especially of its capital, Athens, were noted for delicacy and refinement of their wit. It was notably poignant and salty that even Rome, it is described as sal aticum, of which our phrase atic salt is merely the translation. It means high class. High class. At exalt. Once in a blue moon. A lot of times the word blue used in figures of speech means real fast. But once in a blue moon means extremely rare and infrequent. Once in a blue moon. And you will see that in the Bible we have these terms and as I teach I bring them out, these figures of speech. We won't go on any further in this one here for right now. Let's go back and look at this one now. Let's talk about the word comma. Comma. Do you make a comma? Sometimes you put a comma? When you're writing, do you use a comma? Okay. Comma means a piece cut off. It's a Greek term. It says many of our terms in rhetoric and grammar originated in Greece. Very little of English is English. The punctuation mark we call a comma began with the Greek word koma, koma, which means a piece cut off. And so, when you put a comma in a sentence, you can take that actually phrase out of the sentence and it still makes sense. So it means to cut off, it means to add something, a little parenthetical statement, so to speak. And that is also Greek. And so on, and Mark sets off a phrase. The word colon is from colon, a limb or a joint, and hence the piece of the sentence is called a clause. Then the colon mark to indicate the division of the clause, and our word period come from perodeus, or going around, period. A circle as of years, like kouklos in Greek. By the end of the 16th century, it meant the point of completion. When you put a period down at the end of a sentence, that's done. The sentence is completed. You're finished, that's period. Have you ever used it like that? You're finished, you're fired, that's period. You're hired, period. It's a completion. The dark marks the end of the sentence and the end of all conversation. When you look at the languages, most languages started out, and I've done this in Hebrew a lot of times, and hear Hebrew right here. I've said many times in years past, unless you knew Hebrew and Greek and Latin, you were not considered educated at all. Now let's look at just something here. We got A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z. Alec, Beth, Gamal, Daleth, Hevos, Zetheth, Yod, Koth, Metham, Anun, Tzemach, Eib, Pesach, Yikof, Rachit, Tentah. Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta, A, Theta, E, O, Kappa, Lamma, Mu, Nu, Psi, Alpha, Gamma, Pi, Rho, Sigma, Tau. These are three alphabets. But at one time they meant something. Now, this is a biblical Hebrew here. See if I can get it where I want to be. So I can show something to you. In Hebrew, every letter in the alphabet meant something. It meant something. All languages started out as word pictures. Now, vowels weren't added to the Hebrew until much A.D., after Christ. The Udis, they understood before that, after the 7th century is when the vowels were added. Let's look at the word Alif. That's alpha, okay? Alpha. Alpha means head. Alright? Alpha, it means head. A, it's the head of the alphabet, okay? A, Alif, and then alpha and A in English. What does it mean? Well, it actually started out to look like this. What do you think that looks like? Put some eyeballs on it. And a nose. What do you think that is? That's a ox's head. That's head. A, alpha, and a leaf all mean head. Ox's head. That's the beginning. I am the alpha and I am the omega. I am the a leaf and I am the tau. The beginning and the end, that's what God says, see? So, a leaf means it's an ox's head. Beth, Beth, it means house. And it looks like, in Hebrew it looks like this. In Greek it looks like this. In English it looks like this. Then we have Gimel. Gimel is like a camel. Now I'm not going to write all these out for you, but Gimel was like a camel. And then we have the Daleth. Daleth, we have Daleth, and then we have Delta, and we have D. We have Hebrew, Greek, and English. Daleth. And that means door. Door. We have He. In English, H, alright, and then you have the breather in Greek. And that means, like H in hat, and hey means window. Then we have the word wow, wow, Y, wow, and that means like a reaping hook. It looks like a reaping hook. Then we have Zayin. Zayin is like a weapon. A and Z. And then we have a haith. And that's like a fence. It's like this. It's like one panel of the fence. Haith. And then we have the word teth. Teth like in toy. And in Greek there are several, not Greek, but in Hebrew there are several S's and there are several T's. They're pronounced differently. A teth is like this. Goes around, comes around, goes down like that. The idea of it is the shape of a snake. Hey. Then we have the word yod. Yod, like that, is hand. And this corresponds to all the different languages now. And then we have the word cough. Cough, like in the open hand now. Cough. K in English. Tapa in Greek. cough, that's like a K. And lament, we have an L, we have a lambda, and we have lament in these different languages. The lament goes like this. That's like a whip, like a whip. All of these languages, now this is very, very old language. Hebrew is a very old language. It may have been the language that Adam and Eve spoke in the garden with God. But this was a picture language. It was a language made up of pictures. And then the pictures became letters. Later. And then we have ma'am. Ma'am, uh, ma'im, mim. That means water. Water. Waters. And then we have a little, uh, neen. Like that. And like that at the end. Final one, also. And that's like a fish. Then we have the word Samech. Samech is like a prop. It's like a tent. Then we have the Ayan. Ayan is silent, but it means like eyes. People's eyes. Ayan, like eyes. So they drew a picture of eyes. The Ayan originally was like this. Eyes. And then it came down to be like this. It's always, it's eyes, like eyes. Ayin. And then Peh. The Peh is a mouth. It's like this. And the Peh in Hebrew, it's got a tongue in it. Like that. A little tongue in the mouth. Peh. And it's like PH, and it is like P, a strong P and a PH. In Greek, it is Phi. Phi is like PH. And in English, it is P. But in English, PH is Phi. My name is Phillips. PH. Phi. Just like it was, like a soft pay in Hebrew. And the Phi in Greek. The word Sadi. Sadi is a fish hook. Like that. And then we have a Koth. It is a back of the head. It's like this. It's what the letter looks like. And it's like the back of the head. Koth. All of these came from symbols. And then we have Sin and Chin. Sin and Chin looks like this. Both the letters are the same, but one of them has a dot on the front and one of them has a dot in the back. Xin and Xin. And then we have the word Tau. Tau is like a cross. In the old Hebrew, it was like a cross. So you see, languages came from picture language originally, and then they became an alphabet. and our alphabets are very much related. Greek and English are very much alike. If you can read English, you can just about read Greek and Latin. Now let's go here and look at some different words. We've looked at those and, uh, a Latin word. How about rogo and rogare? Rogo and rogare. What would that be? Rogo and rogare in Latin. It means, we get our word interrogate from it. Interrogate. Interrogate. When you interrogate something. You ask somebody something. It means to ask or interrogate. And then the word numero. Numero. Numero. Numero. We get our word numeral from that. And it means to count. When you study numerals, you count. And your Roman numerals are actually Greek letters, by the way. Then we have the word clamor, clamoré. Clamor and clamoré, we get our word exclamation from it. The act of crying out. Exclamation means the act of crying out. Have you ever heard of a duet? What's a duet? Duet is two. It's two people singing together in it. It comes from du-a-ray, and it means two. So we get a word duet from the Latin word two. And then we have the word una. Una. We have the word unite. Don't we have a word unite? United States. Unite. A man and a woman unite in marriage. Friends unite in friendship. You unite with a man in business or a woman in business with you. Unite, we got a word unit in it and it means one. Two become one. We got a word altera. Altera, altera. Alteras means alternate. Alternate. The other, you alternate one to the other. You start here and then you go to the other. You alternate, alternate, alternate, alternate. We have an alternating current. Think about that for a minute. An alternating current. What is an alternating current? We have direct current and we have alternating current. What's an alternating current? We're using it right now. We're using what is called AC or alternating current. An alternating current goes and comes back. It goes and comes back. It's like a flow. It's like a current. It goes and comes back. Now, there's a line, and we have a transformer and everything, and the current goes and comes back. It's alternating. It goes back and forth, back and forth, back and forth. Now, by the way, in your house right now, you're using probably something to listen to me, you're watching your television, and most all of it is run by alternating current. Now, you don't use the current up. You just borrow it. They charge you for usage from the electric company and they're lying to you. You didn't use it up. You just borrowed it. And it goes right back into the line. You have an automatic transmission in your car. Most of you do. I've got one that's a standard transmission. but an automatic transmission, it has a current in it. You have a pump, and it goes through a system, and it makes gears turn. If you've got hydraulics, it goes through a system, and it makes a motor, you have a pump that pumps the hydraulic fluid to it, and it goes through that, and it completes a circuit, a circuit. And we're talking about alternating circuits. It goes back and forth. Not direct current, but alternating current. In your car you have a DC battery, but you have an alternator also. Altera, alternates, means the other. Duosecum, duodecum, that's twelve, two and ten, two and ten, twelve. And we have the word decim, we have the word decibel. Decibel is 10 inches or 12 inches. Then we have the word aduce, aducere in Latin, aduce, aducere in Latin. And we got our word, it means to bring up, it means to train, bring up or train. And when you bring up and train somebody, you educate them. So we get our word educate from educare. Aqua. According to the word in Hebrew is maim. Hidor in Greek. Aqua means water. So you have an aquatic, we have an aquatic area where you go and swim. And sometimes in the summertime you swim, in the wintertime it turns into a skating rink. Going a little bit further now. How about ambulary? Ambulo and ambulary. Ambulo and ambulary. Now you're going to see this as you teach and you study your Bible, all of these words are there. Walk. It means, ambulary means to walk. to amble. When Jesus saw a man that was not ambulary, he was an ambulary, he could not walk, he could not amble around. He said, walk, stand up and walk. And so he ambled away. He walked away. How about service? The Bible talks about servants and talks about slaves in the Bible. And it means a servant. serva, one that serves. There are maidservants and female servants. Ver, ver in Latin, V-I-R, ver. If a man is vero and strong, he, vero, he is strong. Vero means strong and it means man. Strong like a man. They just redesigned our military and they said every what we might call standard in the military is according to a man, you have to be able to do this as a man. If a woman can't do it, she can't do that job. And it's what we call bare, bearable, virtue, all of this comes from that word. How about the word nullus and nulla? That means to nullify. It means not. Uthimia. You've heard me say that many times. No, we're not one thing. No. Anus. Anus. Annual. You have an annual income tax. You have annual property tax. You have annual this, you have annual that. What does annual mean? Per annum, it means a year. It means year. Annual means year. How about if you have an amigo? How about if you have a friend? That comes from amicus, amicable, and that means friend. If you have an amigo, you have a friend. This is my compadre, this is my friend, my companion. How about saluto, salutare? What word do you think comes from that? Salute. Everybody in the army salutes, don't they? They salute. It means they greet them. You greet them in respect. Maltas. Oklos and Okloi in Greek. That means a lot of people. Oklos is a big crowd. The word Maltas and Malta, it means a multitude. It means much. It means many in the plural. Oklos, that's singular, that is 5,000 people in Greek. Okloi means 10 to 15, 20,000 people. That's a lot of people. Okay, then we have a multitude, in English come from multus and multa in Greek, or in Latin that is. Dominus. Dominus. Dominus means to dominate. It means a dominus is a master, one that dominates. You can go out in a chicken pen, You can even go out in a horse, what we call a pasture of horses, and there's going to be one alpha, one dominant horse, and one dominant hen, and one dominant rooster. It means one that's a master. Okay, let's look at labora and lobere. Labora and lobere. That means labor, and it means to work, to toil. Ergonomics in Greek, work. How about Mr. and Mrs.? Mr. and Mrs.? Mr. and Mrs.? Now, you would say sir. They would pronounce you sir or miss or mister. What you're saying, it comes from magister, and what it means is master or master teacher. When you say mister to somebody and missus to somebody, you're talking to the masters or the misters of the house. How about miser and misera? Miser and misera. There were many people in Jesus' ministry that were miserable. You see the word miserable. They were miserable. They were wretched. And this word means miserable and it means wretched. Miser, misera. How about diligenter? Diligent means diligent. You pay attention, you do it. Diligent. Pay attention. Diligent. Diligently. Agricola. Agricola. You know anything about agricola, Marilyn? Do you know anything about agricola? We got a word agriculture out of that, don't we? That's a farmer. Agriculture. How about a roe? Abreae. That's a plow. That's what a farmer does. He plows the ground. How about if you're valides? Valida. Valides, valida. In the English word, what do you think that means? Valid? What does valid mean? It comes from valides, valida. What it means is strong and sturdy. When something is valid, if you go out there and you build a fence and you put a fence post up and you say that fence post is valid, you validate it. That fence post will hold against whatever. It's validated. Temeo, temere. That comes from Greek. Temeo. Temeo in Greek means to To fear, it means to honor. Timotheus in Greek, that's the word, Timotheus, Timo, and Theos. To fearful, to honor God. Timotheus, Timotheus. To be afraid of. The fear of the Lord is the beginning of all knowledge, isn't it? The fear of the Lord is the beginning of all knowledge. How about terero? Terere. terero, terere. That means to frighten somebody, terrify them. We get a word terrify right out of this Greek word, terero, terere. Terrify somebody. When they saw Jesus raise the dead, they were terrified. In Greek it said they were terrified. They were struck out of their senses, they were terrified. They were frightened, they were afraid, they were scared. Selaritur. Selaritur. Selaritur means swiftly and quickly. What English words do we have for selaritur? Have you ever, I remember one time, I'll never forget this. Marilyn and I were traveling together up here and she was in the Avalon and I was in my tundra, pickup, and I was pulling something and she was going down the road. And suddenly she accelerated and just ran off and left me. Gone, down the road. Probably 80 or 90 miles an hour, I was going 55 or 60, pulling a trailer. She accelerated, it comes some celerete. Accelerate, move swiftly. You see horses out here at times, and a little, you watch the quail every day, don't you Merrily? And as they run across the road, they'll be walking a little bit, and then they go brrr, their little feet go so fast you can't see them, they're accelerating. They accelerated, they're moving quickly. How about the word locus? Locus. L-O-C-U-S. Locus. We got a word location out of that. Locus is location. It is a place. It's a spot. Topos in Greek. Kordidi. Kordidi. Kordidi. That means daily. Daily. Kordidi. Daily. Comes from day. And how about liber? Sharon, do you know what liber means? Liber, we get our word library out of that, we get our book out of it, librarian. All of this comes from the Latin word library, library, book. Tabula. Tabula. When you have a tablet, you write things on tablet. You write things on tablet. Vesper. The name Vesper comes right out of Latin, and that word means evening. Every Vesper, every evening. Are you learning something? How about Severus and Severea? Severus and Severea. Almost every word in Latin, we look at it in Greek. It's in Greek, it is in Latin, and it is in English. These are the roots of our language. And what about the letters of our alphabet? They were made from pictures that meant symbols. Symbols. Severa, severe. It means severe. It means stern. It means strict. Some of you have strict mothers and strict fathers. Severe, severa. We have the word paratus and parata. Paratus and parata. That means prepared, ready, prepared. Pete, in his speech, said that America would be prepared for war if we needed it. Our men would be prepared. All of them would be physically able, everyone would be physically able to do the job they needed to do so that your father, your mother, your children, whoever it is, when they go into the military, they will be safe because everybody is ready and prepared, and that comes from Paris' Parata. How about Pugno? Pugnacious. Pugno. Pugnacious. What does Pugnacious mean? Pugnacious. It means somebody that's ready to fight. A Pugilist. That comes right out of Latin. Okay. A Probo, Probere. Probo and Probere. What English word comes out of that? It means to approve. It means to approve or to prove. And Approbation. That means that if you're on probation, you have to be approved as you're out on probation. Diligentia. Diligentia. We got a word right out of English. That's the word diligent and diligence. It means to be industrious. If you're diligent, you're working, you're doing something. You're diligent. I remember years ago. Marilyn, you remember your grandmother, don't you? You remember your grandmother. She was always busy, wasn't she? Your grandmother was always busy. There was a lot of time. When she was sat down, she was knitting, crocheting, doing something. A woman was always diligentia. She was industrious. Diligentia. And we have the word senta, sentia. It means a motor opinion and it means a sentence. Our word sentence comes right out of that. Grammatical rules come out of Greek or in Latin, one or the other. Hora. Hora. Hora. It's a feminine word in Latin. What does hora mean? How do you spell hour? How do you spell hour? The time, hour. It starts H-O-U-R. It comes right out of Latin. Hora. That's right, right out of Latin, hora. Patria. Patria. Patria. Patria. That Patria comes from the Greek and into the Latin. Patria. Patria. Jesus said in his lifetime, when he was around, he was preaching, and people, they insulted him. They said, who are you? You're nothing but Joseph's son. You come from Nazareth and all of this. Who are you? What are you supposed to be? Any prophet come out of Nazareth? And what did Jesus say? A prophet is not honored in his own fatherland, is what he said, fatherland, patria, fatherland. Patria, native land, fatherland. Maritimus. Maritimus. Maritimus, we get the word maritime out of that, and that word sea, and in Greek it's maim, the water of sea. Amplus. Ampla, amplum. It means spacious. When you have ample room in the house, you have spacious. You have room to clean the house. You've got enough room. You've got a chair or whatever there. And when it has ample room, it is spacious. Ample room means it comes from amplus, ampla, amplum. It means spacious. Space is luxurious. Oceanus. Oceanus. Ocean. Ocean. Oceanus. Ocean. How about the word, uh, Meneo and Manere. Meneo and Manere. Meneo and Manere. We get our word, the Greek word is Meno. See, the Latin comes from Greek. Meno. And Hippomeno is a term in the Bible. Hippomeno. And that means to remain under the strain, to remain, to remain under the strain, to remain, to stay, no matter what. Let's stick to it in this. That means maniaeo, maniae, meno, hepo, meno, in Greek. How about word hortus, hortus, H-O-R-T-U-S, hortus. What English word do we have of that? It means garden, horticulture. Thank you, horticulture. Horticulture. How about the word, Sharon, you have painted murals on walls, I think, haven't you? Yeah. Well, it comes from the word murus. Murus, in Latin, murus, a mural, it means, it actually, it's a wall. So a mural is a painting on a wall. Copious. Copious. Copious means supply, plenty. It means in the plural. It's copious. Cornucopia means plenty, isn't it? Plenty, plenty. When you have a copia troops, you have a great army. You have forces. Umbra. What English word comes from the Latin word umbra? Umbra. Umbrella. Thank you, Sharon. Umbrella. Umbrella. It means shade. Umbra is shade or shadow. So when you have an umbrella, you have a shadow. Have a shadow. How about the word gratis? Gratitude. Gratitude, it means pleasing. When somebody, when you help somebody, they thank you and they're pleased and they're It means welcome, it means gratitude, it means grace in Greek. Dodore, dorkus. Dodore, it is donum, it means to give. It means to give. The word laetus, when you have levity, when you have levity, The Bible says God loves a happy, laughing, hilarious giver. That word is the word Laetus. Hilarious is what the word in Greek is. Happy. How about Vita? We take vitamins, don't we? Vita. Vita actually means life. Vitals. They take your vitals when you go into the doctor. You go in there and they take your vitals. What are your vitals? They'll count your breaths, your heartbeat, and your blood pressure. And your oxygen level. These are your vitals. This is life. Your vitals. Is this helping you? Are you learning your own language? Luna. A lunatic. What's a lunatic? Huh? It's crazy. It means moon. People, it's a full moon. There's a whole bunch of lunatics out today. The full moon. Luna, lunare. Silva. The name Silva. Silvia comes from this word. It means a forest or wood. Litera. Literae. It means literary or letter. Poeta. Poeta. We got a word poet right out of that. Poet. Poets make things rhyme. How about the word trans? Trans means across. Transatlantic. Transcontinental. All of this come to the preposition. In Latin, trans. Imperium, imperae. Imperial, it means command. Whoever is in command, that is the imperium, the imperiae. That person is in command, it means imperial. You have the imperial commander, so what? We got a word, nuntio, nuntere. And it means to tell or announce, and we have the word announce come from this word. to tell or announce. I hope you have enjoyed this message. We used a lot of symbols in the Bible. We used a lot of vocabulary in the Bible. And now maybe you understand your language better. Thank you for listening. Thank you for watching. If you're on YouTube, please like and subscribe. Come back again. Our Father, we thank you for this message from your Word and from the languages that our language English is made up from. Help us to understand more about how we study and help us to be better preachers and better teachers. Please forgive me where I fail you, in Jesus' name I pray, amen.