But this is a rehash of the application principle. Okay, the definition is the principle on which God says what He means, and means what He says. That's kind of simple to remember. He says what he means, and he means what he says. This is an important principle, and we enunciate this because of the attempt of many people to spiritualize the Word of God and to make it a mystical book. Remember, under the application principle, we talked about some of the things that hinders proper interpretation. And one was spiritualizing the mystical application and so forth. And so I think that this is just an amplification of that. To many people, God's word is not to be taken literally at all. Tooth and eye and ear must mean something else to a person of this type. And I can stress it too, boy, I was in a member of a church. And some of those brothers, boy, they could sure spiritualize the word. There are certain things to be considered, however. A word that meant one thing 300 years ago, when the Bible was translated into English, may have a changed meaning today. Luke 163, a writing table does not mean a roll-top table, a desk, but rather a writing tablet. loop three twenty three uh... began to be about thirty years of age this means he began his ministry at the age of about thirty years acts twenty one fifteen percent of seventeen twenty two took up that carriage this means that which that which was carried baggage didn't take up you know a wagon or something like that like a carriage and then they took up their baggage uh... wist and wit I do you to wit are not used today. Wist, wit. And I do you to wit. What did that mean in old English? I do you to wit. I think you were saying Christopher Hinton somewhere? I do you to wit. He has a lot of wit. What did Paul use in the second second? Do you to win a bracelet? Oh, yeah. To win are used in the second Corinthians chapter five, verse 19. To win is used there. And it means how that. What was that prescription? 2 Corinthians 5.19, to wit, that God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto himself. And, uh... Hints or something like that? It means, uh, how that, or hints, maybe, could be. But how that, I know, is one of the meanings. I wrote that down in that area, that's why. I've got the same thing, I guess. How? Uh-huh. How the God was in Christ. Uh-huh. reconciling the world for himself. I brought a message on that one Sunday, the Ministry of Reconciliation. That's quite a passage of scripture, I didn't know there. And he tells the Church of Corinth, be ye reconciled. Be ye reconciled, that's right. A little bit more than salvation. That's right. A little bit more than salvation. Salvation is included, but not exclusive. Our 2 Chronicles, no, no, that's not where we are. We're on the opposite page then. 1 Thessalonians, skip one. Romans 1.13, 2 Thessalonians 2.7, let, did not mean to permit. but rather to hinder, hold back, or restrain. In other words, he that let it will let. So, really hinder. First Thessalonians 4.15, prevent meant come before, precede. In other words, they should not, the resurrected dead shall not prevent those, or we shall not prevent those that are asleep, that is, precede. Philippians 3.20, conversation means, refers to life and action. In the revised version, it has been changed to citizenship. So, our citizenship is in heaven. You know, Charles, first thing, I had a lot of problems with Paul's statement, the turkey corn, quit you like men. Yes. Quit! Like men? Quit! Conduct yourself, huh? Okay, mistakes are also made by the translators and printers. Here are some widows. Number one, publishing company had the public aid them in proofreading the Bible they were putting out and which they wanted to be perfect. After all their efforts, the Bible came out with Holy Ribble. on the inside front page, instead of the Holy Bible. That's what I meant, that would be something. You print it up, a million Bibles in the Holy Bible. Number two, the placemakers. Bible instead of peacemakers, Matthew 5, 9. Somebody misspelled peace there. The adulterous Bible. The word not was left out in the commandment. thou shalt not commit adultery." So, in other words, thou shalt commit adultery. Exodus 20. The Idol Bible, Zechariah 11, 17. Idol is printed instead of idol. Idol instead of idol. The Murderer's Bible. The mummers in Jude 16 were called murderers. The Prince's Bible, Psalms 119, 161. The word prince is changed to printers. The White Hater Bible, Luke 14, 26, the word life changed to wife. The Vinegar Bible, Luke 20, the word vinegar instead of vineyard, a vineyard. These mistakes are made by man, not by God, and we must recognize that only the first parchments were inspired by God. God did not say these particular things and therefore he didn't mean them. How many people spiritualize the scriptures? Or how people spiritualize the scriptures? I see I had many people doing it. God made man in his own image. A white man declared that God then must be white. Others say that the first man was red. Adam means red, man of the earth. Therefore he must have been red. The four rivers in Eden are supposed to mean prudence, self-control, courage, and justice. I didn't hear that one before. That's spiritualizing it. The parable of the sowing of the wheat. Jerome says that the thirtyfold pertain to marriage, sixtyfold to widows, and one hundredfold to virginity. My goodness, Jerome. When you study the Bible, don't try to make it a kind of wonder book or spiritual museum. Shakespeare, in 1611, when the Bible was translated, Shakespeare was 46 years old. Some wise person turned to the 46th Psalm and found that the 46th word from the beginning was shake, and the 46th word from the end was fear. This was supposed to mean something or another, something or other. He's going to inspire Shakespeare, Shakespeare. A lot of people think that Shakespeare was inspiring, but I think many people didn't. Isn't that something? No, he didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't think he was inspiring. He didn't So they got that Shakespeare, huh? That's like big fat chicken. If I remember, Ron, what was Ron's name? The missionary in Alaska. Ron Stone. Ron Stone came here one time and preached the message and the subject was big, fat chicken. He went to several places in the scripture and picked up, I think, in George's beak or something like that, and fat, and he was fat and fell over that day. had a knife stuck in him by, what was it, a head or somebody, and a chicken, somewhere he found that chicken. And he put those three words together and brought a message, big fat chicken. And he thought my fellow was afraid to be missionary. This is about the same way. It's sheik, it's spirit. Umstress. signed on the eleventh hour, on the eleventh day, in the eleventh month. A wise person turns to the eleventh book, the eleventh chapter, the eleventh verse, which was First King 1111. The kingdom was rent from Solomon, so it must be rent from Wilhelm. But the next verse says it will be rent from Solomon's son. It's supposed to be a prophecy to that effect. Zion is not heaven, and Jerusalem is not heaven, and then Jerusalem is not to be in heaven, but a literal city. All these are mixed up. Zion is a hill on which Jerusalem is built. You have people to make that heaven. You heard that preached. In fact, sometimes it's earmarked in the Bible, isn't it? over the captions in the book. People say that the throne of David is in your heart. How many thrones does David have? The throne of David is literal, is a literal throne, and to be set up in a literal city, Jerusalem. And the same thing as the church in your heart, that's a whole big heart, the whole congregation is That design has been a long time since I've been in that area of description, but if I'm not wrong, there are a few passages in the scripture where Zion refers to that which is going to be evident in Hebrew. I could be wrong, but it's been a long, long time. Zion refers to a lot of different things. to government, for one thing. Mountains. It's a symbolic of government rule. There are times when it's used metaphorically. However, it is a literal place and will be a place for the throne of David to sit at. I know what the author is saying, and I appreciate that, but you can't take it and say things like that. Yeah, you want to crystallize it. A lot of times we try to stitch and hold the word. Yeah. Give it in little categories. Yeah, the scripture talks about the Jerusalem above, but I think he is saying here that it will not be in heaven, it will come down from God out of heaven. You could just as easily say it is in heaven, because it would come down from God out of heaven, the New Jerusalem. It is a literal city. Augustine says that the disciples were fishing and caught 103 fish. The sum of all the numbers to 17 is 153. So one hundred and fifty-three means seventeen. Ten is the number of the commandments, and seven is the spiritual number. Together they make seventeen. Therefore the hundred and fifty-three fish stands for the commandments and the Holy Spirit. That sure knew your math, didn't it? That knew math, wasn't it? Figures of speech. You will find figures. of speech in any book. I'll show you figures of speech. It should be there. Figurative speech, that's what he says. Figurative speech in any book. And it is found in the Bible as well. Since the Bible is oriental in origin, the figures will show the highest of oriental hyperbole. Is that it? A figure of speech is speech out of form. It is sometimes thrown into a peculiar form and expressed in an unusual manner in a way that is not just natural or fashioned according to grammar. This is not from accident or ignorance, but from design and for the purpose of emphasis. Number one, common figures of speech. The thermometer is going up. Crank the car. The furnace has gone out. Take the streetcar. A hard heart. There are over 200 figures of speech in the Bible. 2. Rule for studying figures of speech in the Bible. Words should be understood in their literal meaning unless such literal interpretations involve a manifest contradiction or absurdity. Examples from scripture. Isaiah 118 sends a scholar. Jeremiah 118, I have made thee an iron pillow, a walled city. Matthew 8.22, let the dead bury the dead. John 2.19, destroy this temple. The context explains this figure. Some of the better known figures of speech, metaphors, represents Words are taken from their literal meaning and given a new and striking use. The figure is a distinct affirmation that one thing is another, which it resembles. The two nouns must always be mentioned. The figure lies in the verb, is, is equivalent to represents. Example Isaiah 46, Psalms 18.2, Matthew 26.26-28, John 6.32-65. I want to turn to a couple of those and see. Oh, I think in B, he has a couple here, doesn't he? Yeah. Matthew 46, he got below. Now similes resembles, where metaphors represent, similes resemble, likening one thing to another in terms of comparison. Here the metaphor in Isaiah 46, flesh is grass. So grass represents flesh. Psalms 103b, sheep of his, of his pastor that is. sheep of his pastor. So the pastor here represents the sheep. But the simile in 1 Peter 1, 24, flesh is as grass. So the word as and so is the simile. Comparison. We like sheep. You look at a sheep and you compare the Christian or the nation Israel in particular. And you've got to A couple of others there. The places. Romans 112, 4, and 5. There's one of our mysteries. Yeah, that's right. All right. He's been victimized by his own exposition. He didn't do that. What is that? 11? It's either 11 or 12, 4 and 5. Well, let's see which one it is. 42 for Rome is going to be the Psalms. What kind of simile do we have in Romer's 11? So we'd be in many a one body of Christ, everyone, everything. As and so is used there, so that could be it. Romans 12, 4 and 5. So, blood out the one, I think that's a... That's an extra one printed there. Okay? 1 Corinthians 12 and 12 would probably be the same thing, concerning... The body. Yeah, for as the body is one, and has many members, and all members of one body, being that one body is soul, also is Christ. metaphors uh-huh yeah in other words temple for for body church yep okay That sounds very good. I am, the door probably would be one of those. How do you pronounce C? Is it metonymy or metonymy? How do you pronounce that? Metonymy? Metonymy? Metonymy? That's the way I pronounced it. Metonymy. T-O-N-Y-M-Y. Tony's T-O-N-Y-M-Y. I'm not sure. What's that? Metonymy. Metonymy? Metonymy? Okay, a figure of speech. I'll call him Metonymy. A figure of speech consisting of a change of nouns. The name of an object is substituted for another which is clearly suggested. Container for what is contained. This is the cup of my blood. In other words, that's a metonymy. The container is used for what is contained. Psalm 23 prepares the table before me. 1 Corinthians 10, verse 21, drank the cup. Calls for faith, Ephesians 4, verse 20, learned Christ, means the teaching of Christ. Parents for children. Malachi 1, 2 and 3, 300 years after children were born, means the descendants rather than Esau and Jacob. Offer for works we speak of reading Shakespeare Thackeray Hugo and Moses Etc Luke 24 27 Jesus began Moses meaning the writings of Moses They have Moses and the prophets meaning their writings Instrument for effect you'd run 17 six at the mouth of two or three witnesses Meaning their testimony The earth was corrupt, meaning the people. God so loved the world, means he loved the people. Why persecuteth thou me? Means rather, why do you persecute those who are mine? I was hungry and you fed me, those who are mine. So that's instrument for effect. It's good to know these particular instruments of speech, figures of speech. be able to name them and brand them and put them in a kind of cubbyhole is good too. It takes a little discipline in our mind. There's a difference between a metonymy and a simile and a metaphor. What does a metaphor, what does it do? Represents. And a simile? Resembles. Simile resembles. you lay the comparison, and a metaphor represents. And a metonymy consists of a change in the noun when a name of an object is substituted for another which is clearly suggested. Okay? Our D is a synodote. How do you pronounce that one? Synecdoche? You are a college scholar. OK, let's spit it out for the mic. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. Synec race of intelligence focus that I could get out of hand that's why okay that's why in E-C-D-O-C-H-E. I think I pronounced it right. Synecdoche. Synecdoche. You got a little bit off. S-Y-N. Sy. N-E-K. A-C. D-O-K-E. Synecdoche. All right, we got it. Where's the accent, Mark? The accent is on E and O, on the diphthongs. Psi, S-I, and E with a D with a line, and an E with a... I forgot all mine. diphthongs, and there are critics over them. But anyway, it's pronounced synecdoche. S-I-N-E-K-D-O-K-E. It's Latin. It means to take up. A figure of speech in which the whole is put for a part. Part for the whole. A container for the thing contained. to fit the hands to fit the man. Now usually included under maternity. Why don't I just look up that while I'm looking here. I'm really dissecting something. Huh? I'm really dissecting something. What's it? How do they spell it? I mean, T-what? O-N-Y-T-Y. Okay. It's pronounced intonymy. M-E-T-O-N-I-M-I. Metonymy. Metonymy. So the Y is the north-south of the metonymy. So the Y is an I. It's sounded as an I. Metonymy. I think I'll give you a test. I had to look them up. Okay, so we got the... What was that, synecdoche? Metonymy. Okay, a synecdoche. Similar to metonymy with this difference. A part is used for the whole. and the whole for part, whereas the maternity of a figure of speech consisting of the name of an object is substituted for another, which it clearly suggests. A part is used for the whole, and a whole for the part. Genesis 3.19. Sweat of face stands for the body, bread for food. Matthew 27.4. Innocent blood stands for the whole man. Acts 27. 37, not only souls, but men. Luke 16, 23, the spiritual part of the man. John 19, 24, Ecclesiastes 12, 3, Jeremiah 7, 8, and 7, first used as representatives of the whole class to which they belong. John 20, 2, Then lay Jesus, the body of Jesus, taken away my Lord, the body of the Lord. Plural sometimes means, I mean, used for singular, but singular for plural. Judges 12, 7, did not bury him in pieces, one in each city. Translators have added, one of thee, to make it clear. What was that about? Well, something hacked him up and buried him in the area. Yeah. Louisville the Single did not bury him in pieces. One in each city. 12-7, the church is 12-7. And Jephthah Jerusalem, six years, then died, Jephthah, at the beginning of May, and was buried in one of the cities of Giza. Okay, so what is he saying? Uh, the city was hacked up and buried all over it. It was buried in one of the cities. Uh-huh. Why did that come across the press book? I don't know, but knowing the old testament, I figure that was one of those more brutal moments. Oh, I see. Buried in these cities. Oh, Gilead. And, uh, the translator there has one off. Mm-hmm. Oh, yes. I see. He's a telesizer. I didn't want him. Okay. Uh-huh. Okay, I didn't want him to sit. Okay. Uh... He used Jacob for all this, right? Yes. His name's Jacob. Right. Uh, Judah? Judah, that's right. Right. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Okay. Abraham follow the faithful Okay, a lot did not dwell in all the cities of the plain, but in one Ox noses ass no nose and ass nose means all oxen's and all asses in other words a single for the plural Sent to hunt it meaning hunts a speak five with, ten thousand without, means few and many. One hundred children mean the great many. Thousands mean the whole number. In Exodus 26 it is. Personification figures speech whereby an inanimate object, an object of nature, an abstract idea, are given attributes of life Number 1632, the earth opened her mouth. That's personification. That's a good figure of speech. The rocks will cry out. Do you think that's personification? Yeah. Psalms 114, 3 and 4, Job 3, 10, anti-personification. Living things are sometimes represented as dead. Now Fibbersheck said to David, I'm a dead dog, which is humility. A dead dog is not good for anything, but a dead horse is good for glute. In 2nd Samuel 16, 9, Shimei called a dead dog. That's a good half description. The scriptures of Shimei. That's a half description of Jesus. Yeah. It's not good for you. Yeah, I say that. Yeah. Should I stop? All right. Would you like to stop? OK. I personally a rhetorical figure that might be set forth on the word exaggeration. I skipped the foster for dinner. Apostrophe from the Greek, to turn, means to turn away from the readers or hearers, addressing that which is absent, absent as present, or addressing the inanimate, a dead thing is living. Oh boy, that's good. The reason why I laugh about that is because sometimes I say, The folks in the hall say amen. I call upon the chair as a witness. Now I know what I'm doing. Using an apostrophe. So sometimes the folks in them say amen. I thought I'd tell the chair to say amen. Say amen, Bible. Psalms 114, 5 and 8, the C is addressed. You just said that, and I remember listening to a preacher who's now in Tennessee. I think Jim probably knows him now, Curtis, who got wound up with a message one morning. And he was preaching away, and he couldn't squeak out an amen from anybody. And he just finally stopped right in the middle of the sermon, walked off the rostrum, turned around at the pulpit, and said, amen! Turned around, got back at the pulpit, and said amen! That's pretty good. Pretty good. Pretty good. Gives me an idea. I catch on bad habits real easy. Okay, so an apostrophe, the arm of the Lord, Israel, the wife of Jehovah, death and the grave. It means to turn away from the readers and hearers, addressing that which is absent as present. or addressing the inanimate or dead thing as living. Oh great, where is your victim? That's an apostrophe. I think I'll jot that one down on the line, because I often use it. Now I know why I do. Because it's biblical. Okay. So you kind of leave off what you're talking about, stop it, and make the inanimate. alive or be alive in heaven. So, like, say amen chairs is saying that the people in the chairs are not saying amen, so the chair is grabbed. That's right. They get the point. That's right. So call the chairs to life. Yeah, he called one prophet, Isaiah, to witness. Uh-huh. He called Earth, in Deuteronomy, I believe, or somewhere in there, he called Earth to bear witness to what he said. Uh-huh. Okay, uh-huh. Herperbally is a rhetorical figure that might be set forth under the word exaggeration, a magnification, a magnifying of an object beyond reality. This isn't an overstatement. used for the purpose of deep emphasis. No thought of deception. You can find several of those listed there. A rhetorical figure that might be set forth on the word exaggeration. Another figure of sarcasm and irony. Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth? call out maybe you're going to sleep that's what not to say it's a bill that seems to be sarcastic parables to make truth known to one who wants to know to hide truth from those who do not want to know that is an earthly story with a heavenly meaning an extended simile do not make a parable out of something that is not a parable the fable the riddle the contrast and the comparison so we have to know these things to know that God says what he means and means what he says and that's a good study okay we'll go back and review tomorrow and we can expect the test Thursday I have a time for a review tomorrow, and I give you a week to concentrate, meditate, and cognitate, and then participate. What's that, Artie? Well, I think maybe that'd be a good honor. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah.